How did UK and US relations change after the election of Obama - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2361 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? In his 1946 Iron Curtain speech, Winston Churchill (2015, n. pag.) stated that [n]either the sure prevention of war, nor the continuous rise of world organisation will be gained without what I have called the fraternal association of the English-speaking peoples. This means a special relationship between the [UK] and the United States. The end of World War II did indeed mark the start of a special relationship between the two nations and it has been characterised by political, diplomatic, economic and military relations as well as shared values and strategic objectives in the intervening years (Wallace Phillips, 2009). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How did UK and US relations change after the election of Obama?" essay for you Create order However, there has been significant coverage and analysis of the special relationship since the 2008 election of Barack Obama as US President, with many political commentators, academics and journalists alike speculating as to how relevant such a relationship may now be as a result of changing strategy on the part of both nations. This essay will establish the state of the special relationship between the UK and the United States prior to the election of Barack Obama before exploring the political, economic and social changes that occurred in the wake of his inauguration. This will be done with a view to concluding that 2008 was a watershed for the special relationship as a result of changing US and UK priorities, transitional leadership and the global financial crisis. However, despite the evolution of the special relationship as a result of a shifting global political and economic climate, it is still a key strategic alliance that is relevant to the security of both states and the international community as a whole today. Prior to 2008, the special relationship between the UK and US had the purpose of forming close cooperation between the two in terms of nuclear weapons technology, economic activity, trade and military planning and execution, amongst other areas (Wither, 2006). In the immediate aftermath of World War II, it forged a mutual recovery and support in the rebuilding of states that had been damaged by the war with the added point of America becoming the global leader (Arnold, 2014; Friedman, 2007). Lee (2010) argues that the UK was the weaker partner throughout the second half of the 20th century was a result of the fact that the defence cooperation between the two was dominated by the US, who had larger strategic forces and often demanded UK cooperation in initiatives during the Cold War. Wright (2002) supplements this perspective and notes that this imbalance persisted into the 21st century as a result of the UKs backing of George W. Bushs act ions in the wake of 9/11 in exchange for maintaining British influence internationally. The British support for US foreign and security policy in the aftermath of 9/11, particularly the 2003 invasion of Iraq, suggested that the special relationship remained strong despite the fact that it did not have popular support in Britain and raised significant questions as to whether it was in the best interests of the UK to follow American international strategy (Dumbrell, 2009). However, regardless of the controversy that surrounded the actions of both nations, there can be little doubt that there were strong political, strategic and military links in place prior to the election of Obama in 2008. Following Obamas election in 2008, the special relationship has been called into question as a direct result of the ideological disparities between the new President and his predecessor. Obamas diplomatic objectives and strategic goals departed significantly from the approach taken towards allia nces and security by George W. Bush. For example, Dumbrell (2009) notes that Obama had an ambivalence towards the protectionist strategy that had previously been employed and those applying pressure on the president to continue to pursue it as well as committing to diplomacy with other European states to encourage engagement in Afghanistan. As such, the foundation of the special relationship had become distorted as a direct result of the fact that Obama did not wish to prioritise relations with Britain in order to secure an ally in the international community based on a traditional mutual need. Indeed, both Gordon Brown and Barack Obama sought to address global issues like climate change (Dumbrell, 2013) and the restructuring of international institutions to create an effective and efficient global society (Dumbrell, 2008). These issues were not prioritised on Bushs agenda and the cooperation between the US and UK on them provides evidence of a shift in focus. However, the fact that both pledged to cooperate on matters of international rather than domestic importance does underscore the fact that diplomatic and political relations were still in place despite Obamas determination to redefine US foreign policy. As such, the special relationship did change in the field of diplomacy but remained resolutely in place. In highlighting Obamas tentative departure from the traditional American protectionist stance, Dumbrell (2009) also drew attention to the fact that Obama sought to build military alliances to strengthen his position in Afghanistan and this also impacted upon that particular aspect of the special relationship. For example, Self (2010) states that Obama exerted pressure on the British government into committing more troops to the ongoing war in Afghanistan. This was done via coercive rhetoric in a bid to overcome policy differences that were geared towards protecting the British national interest in a time of economic crisis. As such, there was signif icant conflict in the area of military cooperation because of the circumstances that had changed the priorities of both nations. The military element of the special relationship also evolved after the inauguration of Obama in other ways that were directly linked to the shift in American strategic priorities (Wither, 2006). For example, Wither (2006, p. 47) argues that: the longstanding defence partnership is threatened by a number of factors, including interoperability problems, the UKs national and defence spending priorities, the likely impact of a decision to replace Trident and the decline in the importance of the transatlantic strategic partnership in NATO. This identifies several areas where US priorities were distinctly different to those of the UK and therefore marks a major disjunction between the policies of both. This had not existed before as the UK had actively supported the US in its global endeavours, often without question (Dumbrell, 2009). There can be no doub t that the UK was not able to do so to the same extent after 2008. British military capabilities were significantly reduced in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, which raised significant questions about the UKs ability to contribute to global security as well as compromising any future usefulness in collaborative overseas operations (Wither, 2006). This was also paired with a reluctance to aid Obama via bilateral agreements to take action overseas, with a prime example being parliaments rejection of Prime Minister David Camerons proposal to ally with Obama and commit to air strikes in Syria in 2013 and the resultant strained relationship between the two leaders (Rothkopf, 2014). As a consequence, the special relationship had fundamentally changed in numerous ways based upon the reluctance of the UK to tow the American line and the frustration that manifested in the military relationship between the two, at least on a governmental level if not on the ground where cooperati on did occur. Although cooperation may not have been as forthcoming in a military context as it had been prior to 2008, there are areas of policy and the special relationship in which new forms of cooperation flourished. For example, according to Wallace and Phillips (2009, p, 263), the US-UK special relationship today has a political and ideological superstructure and an embedded military and intelligence substructure. This suggests that there is active cooperation between the two in the intelligence sphere and that is reinforced by the creation of a National Security Strategy Board, which was designed to provide a clear line of communication between officials in the UK and the US to discuss security and strategy as and when necessary (Watt, 2011). In addition, there are ongoing intelligence operations that require cooperation between the two, most notably the running of CIA networks within British communities in conjunction with MI5 in order to prevent terrorist attacks (Svends on, 2010). In effect, stronger links have developed in this particular area of the relationship and illuminate how it has changed based upon need. The economic aspect of the special relationship also demands scrutiny. Despite the global economic crisis that damaged both the US and UK economies significantly there is extensive economic activity that ties them together, including trade and investment that renders each the largest investor in the other (Foreign Affairs Committee, 2010). This irrevocably bound the nations together and provided a point of cooperation that was seemingly unaffected by global goals as it benefitted both nations. Indeed, Stacey et al (2015, n. pag.) note that Obama perceived the US and UK economies as the two that were standing out at a time when a lot of other countries are having problems at the beginning of 2015, thus ostensibly reaffirming the special relationship publically. The implication here is that the strength of both economies reinforced the r elationship as a result of the ongoing benefits that both nations were able to reap from the situation. It should be noted that there were points of disagreement, such as the fact that Obama sought to insert clauses into World Trade Organisation UK stimulus packages that were designed to protect American industry and jobs. However, these did not actively impact upon the economic support or cooperation that one provided the other. In effect, this particular area of the special relationship changed very little despite the global economic climate and the uncertainty it introduced impacting upon other areas. However, despite the changes to the special relationship illustrated above, there are certain elements of it that have altered little since 2008. For example, despite the fact that Obama has favoured a partnership with the collective of European states rather than one nation, the UK is still the weaker partner in the relationship: relief that [Obamas] first phone call to a Europe an leader was to Gordon Brown, indicates how dependent Britains claim to global status is on Washingtons approval (Wallace Phillips, 2009, p. 283). Although the UK is no longer a bridge to Europe as a result of Obamas desire to establish relationships with the European Union and its individual states (Cameron, 2007), it still maintains the closest relationship of all European states to the US and continues to be its closest ally. This is important in determining how far the special relationship had changed and denotes the presence of common ground that has endured from the end of World War II and is still in place. In conclusion, the analysis in this essay points to the special relationship between the UK and United States undergoing a fundamental change in the wake of the election of President Barack Obama in 2008. Although the channels of communication remained open and were consolidated as a result of cooperation in the field of intelligence and via the new National Security Strategy Board, the strategic goals of both nations were undoubtedly impacted by economic crisis, involvement on a changing international stage and the need to develop enhanced relations with other European nations. There is also evidence of friction between the two nations and this manifests in an unwillingness to support the other unless initiatives and policies were also in the national interest. These points outline how the special relationship changed on an ideological and a practical level. However, the economic element of the special relationship remained intact, in spite of the attempts by the US government to insert clauses into stimulus agreements to aid the American economy, and this underlined the remaining importance of each power to the other. As such, the analysis reinforces the idea that 2008 was a watershed for the US-UK special relationship as a result of the impact that changing priorities, transitional leadership and the global financial crisis had on both nation s. There has certainly been a need for the evolution of the special relationship as a result of a shifting global political and economic climate but the relations between the US and UK still facilitate the maintenance of a key strategic alliance that is relevant to the security of both states and responds to the demand for global leadership by the international community today. Bibliography Arnold, G., (2014). America and Britain: Was There Ever a Special Relationship. London: C. Hurst Co. Cameron, F., (2007). An Introduction to European Foreign Policy. London: Routledge. Churchill, W., (2015). The Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain Speech). The Churchill Centre. [Online] Available at: https://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-statesman/the-sinews-of-peace [Accessed 17 October 2015]. Dumbrell, J., (2009). Hating Bush, Supporting Washington: George W. Bush, Anti-Americanism and the US-UK Special Relationship. In J. Dumbrell A. Schafer eds. Americas Special Relationships: Foreign and Domestic Aspects of the Politics of Alliance. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 45-59. Dumbrell, J., (2013). Personal Diplomacy: Relations Between Prime Ministers and Presidents. In A. Dobson S. Marsh eds. Anglo-American Relations: Contemporary Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 82-104. Dumbrell, J., (2008). The US-UK Special Relationship: Taking the 21st C entury Temperature. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 11, pp. 64-78. Foreign Affairs Committee, (2010). Global Security: UK-US Relations. London: The Stationary Office. Friedman, N., (2007). The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War. Washington DC: Naval Institute Press. Lee, L., (2010). US Hegemony and International Legitimacy. Abingdon: Routledge. Rothkopf, D., (2014). National Insecurity: Can Obamas Foreign Policy Be Saved? Foreign Policy. [Online] Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/09/09/national-insecurity/ [Accessed 21 October 2015]. Self, R., (2010). British Foreign and Defence Policy Since 1945: Challenges and Dilemmas in a Changing World. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Stacey, K., Dyer, G. Murphy, M., (2015). David Cameron and Barack Obama Reaffirm Special Relationship. Financial Times. [Online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7dfb3402-9d9f-11e4-8946-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3pD1jb3YF [Accessed 20 October 2015]. Svendson, A., (2010). Intelligence Cooperation and the War on Terror: Anglo-American Security Relations After 9/11. Abingdon: Routledge. Wallace, W. Phillips, C., (2009). Reassessing the Special Relationship. International Affairs, 85:2, pp. 263-284. Watt, N., (2011). Barack Obama Agrees to Form Joint National Security Body with UK. The Guardian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/may/23/barack-obama-security-board-with-uk [Accessed 20 October 2015]. Wither, J., (2006). An Endangered Partnership: The Anglo American Defence Relationship in the Early Twenty-First Century. European Security, 15:1, pp. 47-65. Wright, B., (2002). Analysis: Anglo-American Special Relationship. BBC. [Online] Available at: https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1913522.stm [Accessed 20 October 2015].

Angiosperms - Definition and Examples

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are the most numerous of all the divisions in the Plant Kingdom. With the exception of extreme habitats, angiosperms populate every land biome and aquatic community. They are a major food source for animals and humans, and are a major economic source for the production of various commercial products. Angiosperms differ from non-vascular plants in that they have a vascular transport system for moving water and nutrients to various parts of the plant. Flowering Plant Parts The parts of a flowering plant are characterized by two basic systems: a root system and a shoot system. The root system is typically below ground and serves to acquire nutrients and anchor the plant in the soil. The shoot system consists of the stems, leaves, and flowers. These two systems are connected by vascular tissue. Vascular tissues called xylem and phloem are composed of specialized plant cells that run from the root through the shoot. They transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Leaves are an important component of the shoot system as they are the structures through which plants acquire nutrition by photosynthesis. Leaves contain organelles called chloroplasts that are the sites of photosynthesis. Gas exchange needed for photosynthesis occurs through the opening and closing of tiny leaf pores called stomata. The ability of angiosperms to shed their foliage helps the plant to conserve energy and reduce water loss during cold, dry months. The flower, also a component of the shoot system, is responsible for seed development and reproduction. There are four main flower parts in angiosperms: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.  After pollination, the plant carpel develops into fruit. Both flowers and fruit are often colorful in order to attract pollinators and animals that eat  fruit. As the fruit is consumed, the seeds pass through the animals digestive tract and are deposited at a distant location. This allows angiosperms to spread and populate various regions. Woody and Herbaceous Plants Angiosperms can be woody or herbaceous. Woody plants contain secondary tissue (bark) that surrounds the stem. They can live for several years. Examples of woody plants include trees and some shrubs. Herbaceous plants lack woody stems and are classified as annuals, biennials, and perennials. Annuals live for one year or season, biennials live for two years, and perennials come back year after year for many years. Examples of herbaceous plants include beans, carrots and corn. Angiosperm Life Cycle Angiosperms grow and reproduce by a process called alternation of generations. They cycle between an asexual phase and a sexual phase. The asexual phase is called the sporophyte generation as it involves the production of spores. The sexual phase involves the production of gametes and is called the gametophyte generation. Male and female gametes develop within the plant flower. The male microspores are contained within pollen and develop into sperm. Female megaspores develop into egg cells in the plant ovary. Angiosperms rely on the wind, animals, and insects for pollination. Fertilized eggs develop into seeds and the surrounding plant ovary becomes the fruit. Fruit development distinguishes angiosperms from other flowering plants called gymnosperms. Monocots and Dicots Angiosperms can be divided into two main classes depending on seed type. Angiosperms with seeds that possess two seed leaves after germination are called dicots (dicotyledons). Those with a single seed leaf are called monocots (monocotyledons).  These plants also differ in the structure of their roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Monocots Fibrous (branching) Complex arrangement of vascular tissue Parallel veins Multiples of 3 Dicots Taproot (single, primary root) Ring arrangement of vascular tissue Branching veins Multiples of 4 or 5 Monocots and Dicots Examples of monocots include grasses, grains, orchids, lilies, and palms. Dicots include trees, shrubs, vines, and most fruit and vegetable plants. Key Takeaway: Angiosperms Angiosperms are plants that produce flowers. Flowering plants also produce fruit which covers and protects angiosperm seeds.Angiosperms are organized into a root system and a shoot system. The supportive roots are below ground. The shoot system is composed of the stems, leaves, and flowers.Two types of angiosperms are woody and herbaceous plants. Woody plants include trees and some shrubs. Herbaceous plants include beans and corn.Angiosperms cycle between an asexual phase and a sexual phase by the process of alternation of generations.  Angiosperms are classified as either monocots or dicots depending on seed type. Monocots include grasses, grains, and orchids. Dicots include trees, vines, and fruit plants. Sources Klesius, Michael. The Big Bloom-How Flowering Plants Changed the World. National Geographic, National Geographic, 25 Apr. 2016, www.nationalgeographic.com/science/prehistoric-world/big-bloom/.  Tree of Life Angiosperms. Flowering Plants. Tree of Life Web Project, tolweb.org/Angiosperms.

Critical Thinking on Marketing Communication Strategy

Arenas Del Mar is an extraordinary beachfront resort located at the beaches of Manuel Antonio. The hotel itself has total 38 rooms, 16 apartments, 2 garden view suites, and 4 ocean view suites (Sheldon, 2007). The 16 apartments can be used as either superior and suite rooms or apartment. All the rooms have flat screen TVs, have king beds, AC, ceiling fans, great ocean views, and huge bathrooms (Kleynhans, 2006). The suites also have a luxurious balcony with a Jacuzzi and a sitting room with sofa sleeper. There is also a pool at the restaurant/reception area and several others by Playitas. The hotel is rank among the top three hotels in Manuel Antonio. However the owners and professionals of the Arenas Del Mar hotel should use various marketing communication strategies to target customers including Japanese families and college students. In order to achieve in this objective, the owners and the advertisers must consider three marketing communication strategies: billboards, website, an d outdoor. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the factors that should be considered in choosing the above marketing communication strategy (Kleynhans, 2006). Billboards should be used to advertise the hotel. Arenas Del Mar hotel is the perfect base that can explore the area around Manuel Antonio and Quepos on the Central Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The billboards used should have to portray the beautiful photos of the Arenas Del Mar such as the beautiful beach, the spacious king bed, the sitting sets, and the luxurious balcony (Desmond, 2007). The billboard should also contain enticing words such as ‘’Spectacular and Unique beach and nature resort experiences combined with greatest level of sustainability and hotel comfort’’. Such words will highly attract the attentions of the Japanese college students and families and they will in turn prefer the Arenas Del Mar to other hotels that have no such kind of advertisement. Another marketing communication strategy that should be use to advertise Arenas Del mar is website. Website is also preferable because it can portray the real Arenas Del Mar hotel in form of attractive photos. The most important thing about website advertisement is the fact college students are always accessible to the internet all the time (Kleynhans, 2006). It is important for the Arenas Del Mar to use website because it automatically portrays several pictures of the beautiful hotel at a given intervals. By using website, advertisement can easily reach Japanese college students because students use computers and laptops as one way of getting distant information and researches. Website can carry several pictures and information about Arenas Del Mar hotel. Families in Japan will be able to get attracted to this hotel because the website shows the beauty of the environment and the beach (Desmond, 2007). There are several pictures and photos that would attract the families in Japan. So me words such as ‘’Costa Rica as a family destination’’, also compel Japanese families to visit Arenas Del Mar hotel. There are also information aimed at reaching Japanese families and other families around the world (Kleynhans, 2006). An example of such information is; ‘’Families are a lot just like salad, a little red, a little green; a bit soggy, a bit crispy. The right vacation for the family is like the correct dressing for the salad. It will result in the best thing for everyone.’’ Honeymooners from Japan can also get more information about Arenas Del Mar through internet (Sheldon, 2007). Lastly, outdoor can also be used to advertise Arenas Del Mar hotel. Despite the fact that Costa Rica is far from Japan, marketing representatives can advertise Arenas Del Mar through visiting colleges and prominent households (Desmond, 2007). Representatives may also used photos portraying the beautiful and serene environment of Arenas Del Mar to attract college students and families in Japan. This will enable the target college students and families to get face to face information from the marketing representatives. Marketing representatives will also be able to get chance to physically express their points clearly (Kleynhans, 2006). In conclusion, Arenas Del Mar is a hotel capable of winning several customers from various parts of the world (Desmond, 2007). By applying the above three marketing communication strategies, Arenas Del Mar, will stand a better position of enticing several Japanese families and college students (Desmond, 2007). One of the most important things about Arenas Del Mar is the well equipped apartments and beautiful accommodations with luxurious sofa sets and bedrooms. References: Desmond, J Sheldon, G (2007).E. (2006), Marketing Communication Strategy, New York; IOS Press. Kleynhans, R. (2006), Marketing Strategy, Cape Town: Pearson South Africa. Sheldon, G (2007), Marketing Communication Strategy, New York: Career Press.

The Things They Carried Essay example - 1769 Words

Nikita Keenan 7/14/12 Throughout Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, the persona of the author often serves as a medium between the translation of emotion felt by characters in the story to the reader of the book. By developing fictitious versions of events that transpired while serving in the Vietnam War, O’Brien’s character is able to revive memories from the past as well as spark feelings of understanding and empathy in others. Surprisingly, the tone of the narrator rarely peals away from being passive and humorous, despite the tragic scenes that unfold within the story. Feelings of sorrow and regret intertwine passages in the novel but are never directly addressed, thus, the author’s character seems to be reserved about†¦show more content†¦Many of the words that soldiers used to describe their surroundings and themselves had negative underlying meanings and many of the platoon members and O’Brien (p.54) believed it wasn’t fair that they were out fighting a war while everyone else was back home. The implementation of new words and phrases into the story gave the setting a more authentic feel and added depth to the characters in the book. After reading O’Brien’s book, one sentence that really stuck out to me was earlier in the story (p.39) when the narrator was describing the huge burden that the soldiers not only of his platoon, but everyone in the Vietnam War carried. â€Å"They carried the sky. The whole atmosphere, they carried it, the humidity, the monsoons, the stink of fungus and decay, all of it, they carried gravity.† The construction of the sentence starts off with a statement that is short but appropriately signifies the epic task at hand. Furthermore, the abruptness of the statement creates momentum for more descriptions to be added later in the sentence. O’Brien begins to list off several grand things such as the atmosphere and gravity which are both obviously impossible to carry and the difficulty of each soldiers job is further magnified to an unimaginable level. This rather long sentence is the most effective found throughout the story because it perfectly describes what ev ery character in the book is feeling and justifies theShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried in the Things They Carried1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† by Tim O’Brien In â€Å"The Things They Carried,† by Tim O’Brien the theme of â€Å"carrying† both physical and emotional objects by the main characters can be found in the novel. While these men carry the same standard physical army gear, they differentiate with personal tangible and intangible items. From Lieutenant Cross’s responsibility of his men, to Henry Dobbin’s girlfriend’s pantyhose for its magic, each man faced the war with these things attachedRead MoreThe Things They Carried880 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien the author tells about his experiences in the Vietnam war by telling various war stories. The quote, It has been said of war that it is a world where the past has a strong grip on the present, where machines seemed sometimes to have more will power than me, where nice boys (girls) were attracted to them, where bodies ruptured and burned and stand, where the evil thing trying to kill you could look d isconnecting human and where except in your imaginationRead MoreThings They Carried1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried Report â€Å"The Things They Carried† was a story about soldiers caught in the confusion of the Vietnam War. There are a lot of apparent themes that are dealt with when writing a story about war, especially about death. I enjoyed reading this story; however there were some things about it that I was concerned about. I would like to discuss the author’s style of writing, his meaning of the title â€Å"The Things They Carried† and the way the author and his characters deal with deathRead More Things They Carried Essay: Strength in The Things They Carried980 Words   |  4 PagesStrength in The Things They Carried  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Everybody has to deal with adversity at some point in their lives. The adversity that they go through varies from person to person. For First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, he had to make it through the Vietnam War alive. In the short story, The Things They Carried, where Cross draws his strength from is somewhat unclear. He seems strong at the beginning of the story, but then again, he also seems to be gaining strength towards the end of the story. ThisRead MoreThe Things They Carried1417 Words   |  6 PagesSpring Book Review In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien tells the tale of not about war, but rather about war’s effect on one’s mentality. Ultimately, this novel is built on a foundation of the items that the soldiers of the Vietnam War carried. Whether it was the way Jimmy Cross uses the pebble to escape from his duties as a soldier or when Norman Bowker realizes that courage comes form within, not from receiving a Silver Star; O’Brien uses baggage as a symbol throughout the book to teachRead MoreThe Things They Carried2220 Words   |  9 Pagesand all you can do is whimper and wait.† (211) This passage has great meaning to how the soldiers felt toward one another. They did not have friends but they all knew how everyone felt because they were all simultaneously going through the same thing at the same time. The passage fits great in this novel because it gives great detail and imagery on how the characters Azar and Bobby Jorgenson felt toward one another. Strong relationships were developed and felt almost as if they were all one personRead MoreThings They Carried2289 Words   |  10 PagesTim OBrien does a fantastic job of blurring the lines of what is true and what is fiction in The Things They Carried. In fact, he often points out that he has made entire stories up, after the fact. He defends his decisions by proposing that what he has done is, in fact, not lie, but rather tell a story-truth. He argues that his reason for doing this is to bring the story to life more than it could live through the happening-truth. I want you to feel what I felt. I want you to kno w why story-truthRead MoreEssay On The Things They Carried1624 Words   |  7 PagesFor the seventeen Soldiers portrayed in â€Å"The Things We Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the physical pain was very minimal weight to carry compared to the emotional scars that they will carry throughout their entire life. This story does an amazing job portraying full human emotion that anyone put into a situation would feel, such as heavy guilt, sadness, anger, lack of motivation, perseverance, horror, and false security. All of these are notorious feelings that every soldier back in history, and now stillRead MoreEssay on The Things They Carried515 Words   |  3 PagesThe Things They Carried The Things They Carried, by Tim OBrien, is a generalization of his own experiences in Vietnam although the story itself is a work of fiction there is still much to be learned from it. Through the actions of soldiers in The Things They Carried we can begin to explore the effect war has on the human condition and the toll it plays on their minds. Some of the themes in the book, The Things They Carried, are bravery and what true bravery is, truth and how the manipulationRead MoreThe Things They Carried Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe text, ‘The Things They Carried, is an excellent example which reveals how individuals are changed for the worse through their first hand experience of war. Following the lives of the men both during and after the war in a series of short stories, the impact of the war is accurately portrayed, and provides a rare insight into the guilt stricken minds of soldiers. ‘The Things They Carried shows the impact of the war in its many forms: the suicide of an ex-soldier upon his return home; the lessening

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1243 Words

Should one of Shakespeare s most famous plays, Romeo, and Juliet, be removed from the freshman English curriculum? Romeo and Juliet was written by William Shakespeare and is a tragic play about two star-crossed lovers. Romeo and Juliet, the two main character, deny their family’s feud and choose to fall in love, but the choices they let others and themselves make lead to their untimely death. The classic play was written in mostly sonnets, a form of poetry and contains most of the English literature devices like figurative language, foreshadowing, imagery, etc... Also, Romeo and Juliet has part of the English curriculum for decades. Romeo and Juliet should still be part of Niles West learning curriculum since it’s still relevant because†¦show more content†¦Lady Capulet enters Juliet s room and thinks that she’s still crying over Tybalt’s death, but Juliet tries to explain that she’s actually grieving over Romeo’s exile in contradict ory words. Juliet says, â€Å"Indeed, I never shall be satisfied With Romeo, till I behold him—dead— Is my poor heart for a kinsman vexed. Madam, if you could find out but a man To bear a poison, I would temper it, That Romeo should, upon receipt thereof, Soon sleep in quiet. Oh, how my heart abhors hearing him named, and cannot come to him. To wreak the love I bore my cousin Upon his body that slaughtered him!† (III.v.93-102). In the quote, Juliet says one thing while her mother hears another showing even parents and children sometimes don t understand each other. Romeo is in Friar Lawrence’s cell after the prince had banished him. He draws his sword to kill himself thinking he had cause Juliet grief but Friar stops him and says, â€Å"Hast thou slain Tybalt? wilt thou slay thyself? And slay thy lady, too that lives in thee, By doing damnà ¨d hate upon thyself† (III.iii.17-18). From Romeo s viewpoint the Friar is unable to understand his grief a nd for the Friar, Romeo is being away to overdramatic. All of the evidence shows the difficult relationships between parents and children. Romeo and Juliet should still be taught since it’s relevant because there still are rebellious teenagers. Juliet thinking that she

Point of View free essay sample

His mother attends these classes to reduce her high blood pressure. He escorts her there every week because she refuses to take the bus alone since integration. His mother is extremely prejudice and Julian was the total opposite. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this story is about the life of Mrs. Dutta, an old, widowed Indian woman who had moved into her son’s American home two months prior. Mrs. Dutta struggles with not running a house and in the midst is writing a letter to a dear friend back home contemplating weather to be truthful or to be honorable to her family. First I would like to review witch point of view is being used both stories. For the first short story Everything That Rises Must Converge, the story is being told from a third person point of view. The story has someone who is not any of the characters stating the events that are happening or events that had happened. We will write a custom essay sample on Point of View or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also the third person point of view is giving the dialog between and among characters. In this quote from the story it is evident that it is being told from a third person point of view â€Å"She said this every time he took her to the reducing class. (Burroway) This narrative persona is in fact close to the story because it knows how the characters in the story are feeling as well as their individual thoughts. For example â€Å"It gave him a certain satisfaction to see injustice in daily operation. † (Burroway) For this specific story the Implied author does not seem to be close to the narrative persona. It is not evident who is actually telling the story and its’ events. The story is not told in past tense which would imply that Julian was the one in fact telling the story. For Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this is also told form a third person point of view. We can see that the story is not being told by any of the characters, and it shows the emotions and actions of everyone in the story. The narrative persona for this story is more close to Mrs. Dutta then other characters as the story mainly revolves around how Mrs. Dutta is feeling and her actions. The narrative persona shows a glimpse of the other characters emotions while focusing on Mrs. Dutta. â€Å"Mrs. Dutta, who had never, through forty-two years of marriage, addressed Sagar’s father by name tried not to wince. † (Borroway)Both stories are similar by the fact that they have the same type of narrative persona. In other stories such as What You Pawn I Will Redeem this is coming from a first person narrative. The story is being told by the main character and he knows little about the other emotions felt by other characters. For Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the distance would seem to be closer as the reader knows each of the characters’ feelings and their emotions. Secondly, we can review of the types of irony that is being used for each story. Every story has its individual way of conveying a message to its readers. Irony is a way for the story to indicate an intention of that which is happening in the story. In Everything That Rises Must Converge the type of irony that is being used is dramatic irony. In the story we can see that when Julian’s mother gets hit by the African American women Julian doesn’t think it is a big deal. He repeatedly tells his mother to get up and that is what she deserved. Not knowing in fact that she was unconscious, non responsive, and possibly dead. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter this story would also have dramatic irony. In this story the family does not know that Mrs. Dutta is rather unhappy living with her son in America. Mrs. Dutta always tries to hide her true feelings from her family, and is reluctant to tell the truth to her best friend in India, but the reader knows Mrs. Dutta’s true feelings. Also we can see how the voice affects the plot of each story. Since both Everything That Rises Must Converge and Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter have a similar voice, the plots in both stories are affected almost the same way. With the voice being from a third person point of view the reader is able to know the qualities of each character. In Everything That Rises Must Converge knowing both emotions for Julian and his mother, we are able to see both sides of what they are thinking. This helps with knowing the actions that might take place next and also to know why the character responded in such a way. Julian’s mother is very prejudice, and since the reader is able to know her feeling we can see why Julian acted the way he did when he saw an African American man get on the bus. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter knowing Mrs. Dutta’s feeling about living with her son we can see why she is reluctant to share that information with her best friend as she thinks it would be un-honorable. We can also see that the feeling is mutual with her son’s wife. This explains the harsh attitude against Mrs. Dutta and Mrs. Dutta’s need to hide things from the family. In both stories the plot is mostly linear. In both stories you have the characters going though time as normal with few flash backs of the characters past. In Everything That Rises Must Converge Julian and his mother get on a bus to get to the YMCA, and there was only the flash back of when Julian remembers his Grandfather’s house. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter it goes through Mrs. Dutta’s daily routine but she has flash backs of when she lived in India. With both stories having a third person point of view, you have the narrative person telling most of the characters emotions rather than showing how they react to situations Lastly we can assess the themes of both stories, and how they are affected by the voice. With the voice being close to the characters in both stories, we can see how different situations may arise. The theme of Everything That Rises Must Converge is about the act of rebelling. The voice shows how Julian makes different ideas up in his mind for ways to rebel against his mother. In Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter the theme in the story is the many differences between traditional Indians and modern Indians living in America and the conflict that this cultural divide can create. The voice shows the constant emotional battle the Mrs. Dutta has with herself and her daughter-in-law. With in both of these short stories we can see how a similar voice and point of view can be used for two completely different works. The voice and point of view are made to portray a cretin way to the reader.

Corporation Law Financial and Operational Risks

Question: Describe about the Corporation Law for Financial and Operational Risks. Answer: A) In the given situation the property is inherited to Dilara and Aysha by their great grandfather. They continued working on the wine yard as a part of the going concern concept. The purpose of the business is to continue for an indefinite period. The current business structure is based on Partnership. The profit is distributed among the sisters in an equal part. The partnership is governed by the Partnership Act[1]. The current property is inherited which is governed by the inheritance act[2]. The business is facing financial and operational risks. Dilara and Aysha are planning to change the business structure which would yield maximum benefit. The business has less working capital to operate its day today functions. In this particular situation the partners are sharing the profit as per the agreement in between them[3]. Profit sharing is the prima facie evidence which provides an evidence regarding existence of partnership[4]. Both the sisters are partners by the virtue of the agreement. The most common right of partnership is the mutual benefit to access the financial report of the organization. They have right to alter the agreement consensually. The partners have right to take decisions in the benefit of the organization. A small size organization is recommended to continue partnership as they have limited resources. The asset has been inherited from their great grandfather. There is lot of flexibility inherited in a partnership organization. It is better than the other business type due to fewer obligations especially compared with the publically owned company. The law and regulation are easy in case of partnership. At present the responsibility is shared in between the sisters to carry winery business. The only limitation of partnership in the given situation is lack of funds. The business has recently faced a problem in continuing the business due to lack of knowledge. In Green v Beesley[5] partnership is a mutual contribution by each partner. They are planning to sell a part of their business to Mr. Polat due to his expertise which would ultimately benefit the business. The partnership agreement is recommended to resolve the dispute in between the parties to the contract. It will help in benefitti ng the organization for a longer time period. b) The current business structure of Akita is partnership. The business is going through the major financial crises and it requires an expertise to invest in their business. Mr. Polat is a winery expert and wants to invest in the business. It is recommended to continue the business as a partnership. Akita needs to restructure its business by dissolving the current partnership agreement. The clause in the agreement needs to be added with the mutual consent with the new partner. It includes the provisions related to the profit sharing ratio. Currently the partners are equally sharing the profits. Restructuring of the business is necessary to create the profits. Partnership agreement should clearly states the provisions related to the future dispute. The right and duties of each partner must be mentioned clearly in the agreement. It is suggested to register the partnership as per the countrys law. Registration of partnership helps in resolving the future disputes caused internally or externally. The partnership organization gives leverage to partners while taking major decision in an organization whereas it is a time consuming procedure to take a decision. The resolution in a company is passed by the mutual consent of the board members. The process of registering a partnership is easier than a corporation. The organization is very small hence it is not recommended to restructure it. Restructuring of organization will ultimately put the burden on the existing partners. The legal expenses of converting an organization are very high. Hence it is recommended to continue partnership by adding Mr. Polat as a new partner. His investment and expertise would ultimately benefit the interest of the organization. The partnership can be managed easily by the partners. It is a small organization hence it is recommended to continue the partnership by adding the required resources for a perpetual growth. 2) As per the corporation act 2001 it is mandatory to pay dividend to all the shareholders of the company. In the given case study the company has incurred revenue of 300%. It is mentioned clearly in Section 254W[6] that every individual of the same class has equal rights to receive same dividend unless the company has a constitution which states different dividend rights or the company has passed a different resolution. Whereas section 254U[7] states that the director has a right to decide the amount of dividend payable at the end of the month. The method of payment is either through cash, grants or through transfer of assets. In the given situation Mr. Leo is the non-executive director who holds two shares of Thomas the Tank Engine Pty Ltd. Ruby and Amanda has mutually decided not to pay the dividend for the previous year. It is stated in the act that the executive directors cannot decide the decision related to the dividend. The shareholder has rights to claim dividend from the previous year profits. The current situation reflects the Leo purchased two shares in Thomas The Tank Engine Pty Ltd for $500,000 in total. Thomas The Tank Engine Pty Ltd manufactures trains which they sell it to the retail stores. Section 254T[8] states the company has to pay dividend until and unless the company exceeds the liabilities. The dividend should be fair to the companys shareholder. Thomas The Tank Engine Pty Lt d revenue has increased 300% The shareholder has a right to retrieve the document of the company. In this given situation the other two directors without any prior information decided not to pay to the other shareholders for their own benefit. The directors cannot take decisions regarding the dividend policies without making any amendment[9]. In the given situation the director has misused their power. Their decision regarding the dividend is ultra vires. In the situation when the management tries to take an undue advantage of their power, the other members have a right to question the two directors[10]. Lifting of corporate veil: In such a situation if the management tries to utilize it powers beyond the memorandum, in that case the members has a right to lift the veil. Management has no right to use the power which is given to them. Here, Ruby and Amanda, the two executive directors took a decision beyond their power without consulting the other members of the company. In such a situation it is recommended that the other member has a right to reach the court as per Section 233[11] which gives right to the court regarding the decision to wind up the organization. In case of any inappropriate activity the court can interfere in the companys operations. If the company default in making payment to any of the shareholders, then court has right to modify or repeal the operations of the organization. The case mentioned in the act is of oppression and mismanagement by the executive directors of the company. It is a case of oppression where one member of the board was ill-treated just on the basis of questioning the other two members. Ruby and Amanda utilizes the companys asset to lease out the car which is again an ultra-vires act. As per the Corporation Act the company cannot expel a director without the consent of the other directors. The removal of director can only take place on a serious ground. Section 191[12] of the Corporation act states that the directors have a responsibility to state the material personal interest. 3) The corporation act 2002 imposes various duties on the director of the company. The Director has a duty to diligently follow the working of the company which includes proper information related to the financial position. He has to ensure that the company does not trade when it is insolvent. He has to exercise his powers in a good faith for the shareholders interest. All the major decision related to internal working in a company is taken through the directors. They should carry their duty diligently with a motive of wealth maximization. Directors should not misuse their position for their own interest. Section 198A[13] specifies the power of the director. He has the responsibility to carry out the daily business activity of the business. He has the right to exercise the power in the good faith of the company. The company relies on the information given by the directors[14]. In the given case study TACH Ltd is making losses due to the previous investment made. The financial statement was negligently made by Mr. Erol who failed to mention it in the Board meeting. The given situation mentions negligence at the part of the directors. Section 180[15] states that, "it is the civil obligation to carry out the duty carefully". The directors have responsibility to carry out the duties in the favor of the organization. A director is imbibed with a responsibility to carry the routinely functions in an effective manager. He should discharge his duty efficiently with reasonable care. He has to make judgments in a good faith. Here the directors Section 181 of the corporation act states that the directors should take due care while discharging his duty. They have a duty to carry out the responsibility with a proper care. In this given case the company went insolvent due to the negligence of the director. Here the directors has committed mistake while addressing the general meeting. The shareholders have a blind faith over the decision which is carried out by the directors. Their judgment is believed by the shareholders. They hold a fiduciary place in a company. It is believed that their judgment is in the interest of the corporation. Section 182[16] mentions that the directors should not use their position for the purpose of self interest. He should not carry out any object which is detrimental for the company. Any person who contravenes the clause mentioned above has to pay a civil penalty. The corporation act 2001 states the civil penalty against the director who contravenes against the general duty given to him. The given case is regarding sheer negligence by the directors. SECT 1317E[17] mentions the amount of fine to be charged against the director. In the given situation the company went insolvent due to the mistake of directors. The director has a duty to prevent the operations in an organization when it is insolvent. A company is said to be insolvent if it is unable to pay debts when they are due. The director has a responsibility to carefully mention the financial statement of the corporation. A corporation cannot work further, if it is declared insolvent by the court. Section 183[18] of the act states that, "the directors should not misuse his position". A director is considered to have done wrong if he uses his place wrongfully. Further if he fail to exercise his power with a good intention. He is considered to be at a wrong if he utilizes his position dishonestly. The director is subjected to be at default, if he uses its place to benefit someone known which is detrimental for the corporation. Directors hold a fiduciary position in an organization. He should not use his rights to provide interest in a wrongful manner. In the case study the directors negligence has caused harm to the corporation. The company was at a very good financial position. Mr. Erol decision has caused harm to the existence of the company. The loss to the company is caused due to his negligence. The company officer is considered to be at fault if he passively neglects the common law and duties which were given to him. The company cannot trade while it is insolvent. As per s ection 592[19] of the corporation act, the company cannot carry out the trading activity when it is insolvent. Section 232(4)[20] imposes a reasonable degree of care and diligence while preventing the company to commit a fraud. Trading when company is insolvent It is prohibited to continue trading when the company has become insolvent. The act restricts the directors to pursue the trading activity. The following situations are considered while judging the position of the company: The situation when the company has incurred debt. In the given case study the company has incurred loss due to the negligence of the directors. The section stops the directors to continue trading on the reasonable ground that the company would not be able to continue trade due to huge loss. In case if the company incurs further loss it wont be able to pay off the debts to the creditors. The section further states that any person who was the director at the time when the company incurred loss tries to contravene to the clause mentioned in the section will be jointly and severally liable for the payment. The loss was caused due to the negligence of the directors. The financial statement was wrongly prepared by the director. Hence they are wholly responsible to continue. In the case law of Walden v. Hensler[21] it was states by the judge that mistake of law cannot be used as an excuse by the director. The director is under the fault if he commits a mistake due to his own negligence. In case if the directors want to prove that they were not wrong. They have to prove that the error was committed without the persons consent. In this particular case the decision was taken by the directors, secondly if company faces any debt, it wouldnt be able to pay off the debts in the future date. In the case law of Metal Manufacturers Ltd v. Lewis[22] it was stated by the majority of the New South Wales Court on the appeal of Mrs. Lewis that she was a passive director and she is not liable under 592(1)[23] of the act. She has further established under section 556(2) that she has not contravened any of the duty mentioned in sec 181 to 184 of the corporation act. The loss occurred to the corporation were without any prior information. Section 232(4) makes its compulsory to follow reasonable care while disposing off their duty. He has to discharge his duty very carefully. If he fails to comply with the section, the section attracts a fine of $ 5000. It is argued that the relevant act is the part of negligence. Section 189(c)[24] of the act states that, "the information given by the director is utilized by the company". Any information which is given by the director to the company is considered to be in the good faith. Hence, under the given situation the directors are liable to pay the penalty for the breach of duties mentioned in the section 1371E. The company cannot trade further under the name of TACH Ltd. 4) The auditor has a responsibility to plan and perform duty to assure whether the financial statements are free from any error or mistake. The financial statement is the responsibility of the management. He has a responsibility to express his opinion regarding the financial statement. It is the duty of the management to adopt sound policies to establish a strong internal control[25]. The auditor is responsible towards the management. He has a duty to work in the benefit of his client. They have a responsibility to follow the instructions which are given by their client. The auditor has a responsibility towards their clients. The independent auditor has to fulfill the duties which are given by the client. The auditor report is used by the third party to make a conclusion related to the financial position of the company. He has a direct relationship with the management or the client instead of the third party who uses the information. Decision of stakeholders depends upon the report w hich is given by the auditor. An auditor holds a fiduciary position; he owes an indirect responsibility to ensure that the rights of the shareholders are safeguarded. An audit is conducted to protect the interest of the shareholders. He is expected to examine the account which is maintained by the management. It is mandatory by the law to appoint an auditor to keep a check over the companys financial positions. The policy behind the concept is to create a direct responsibility of the auditor. He is directly responsible to the management of a corporation instead of various parties. Outsider parties are related to the auditor through the corporation. He is being appointed in the general meeting by the shareholders. It is expected that an auditor is appointed with the mutual consent of the people. Outsiders rely on the information which is stated by the auditor in the financial report. He has a duty to take care of the responsibility which is given by the client. In case if the auditor commits a mistake, it creates a direct responsibility on the management. In case of negligence by the auditor, they are held responsible. Any wrongful intentional act committed by the auditor makes them responsible under the current act. The auditor owes a duty of care in tort to the auditor. The approach is called as privity test. The defendant auditor owes a duty of care in tort if there is a contract in between the parties. In the case law of Ultramares Corporation VS Touch[26] auditor is liable under tort to anyone other than the client. There is a liability of the auditor beyond the liabilities mentioned in the act. There are many responsibilities which can be carried to find the exact possible test for the existence of the possibility. There are several possible tests which can be applied. Firstly for the prediction of the use of financial statement and auditor report, secondly knowledge of the limited class, thirdly the plaintiff who will rely on the given information[27]. The following concept is appropriate as the auditor has responsibility towards the society as well. A stakeholder relies on the information given by them. It is recommended that the auditor should use the responsibility given by the client.